Difference between revisions of "Introduction to Linux in HPC/Linux Directory Structure"

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Introduction to Linux in HPC/Linux Directory Structure
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(Created page with "__TOC__ === Video === <!--T:5--> <youtube width="600" height="400" right>IfD9IPixgpo</youtube> [https://git-ce.rwth-aachen.de/hpc.nrw/ap2/tutorials/linux/-/blob/master/Slid...")
 
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|title = Which keys can be used for command history?
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|title = 1. Which one is the top directory in Linux?
 
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<quiz display=simple>
 
<quiz display=simple>
 
{
 
{
 
|type="()"}
 
|type="()"}
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+ A. up- and down-arrow keys
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+ A: /
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|| Explanation: up- and down-arrow keys (↑ and ↓) can be used for command history. The behavior of Page-up and Page-down keys depends on the setting of a terminal. But normally the command history is not available by using the Page-up and Page-down keys.
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|| Explanation: The tree structure for directory is used in Linux system. Therefore the top directory in Linux is /. The /home directory may be an upper level directory for all non-root users. The last option C:\ represents the C drive on Windows.
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- B. Page-up and Page-down keys
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- B. /home
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- C. C:\
 
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{{Warning|mode=info|text= ''' Working directory in console reminds user, where they are. (page 3)'''}}
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{{hidden begin
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|title = 2. The command 'cd ' without arguments : if you start in var/log/ and run cd with no arguments, what do you expect will happen?
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}}
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<quiz display=simple>
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{
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|type="()"}
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- Nothing it stays in /var/log/
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||
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+ It goes to your home directory
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|| Explanation: It goes to your home directory. cd without arguments is a shortcut to take you home. As long as your home directory exists, you can always go home
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- It goes to the filesystem root
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|| 
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- The shell stops having a working directory
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- It’s an error
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- The shell prompt turns into a shark and eats you
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</quiz>
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{{hidden end}}
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{{Warning|mode=info|text= '''no tips in this section'''}}
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{{Warning|mode=warn|text= '''no undo and make sure what you want to do (page 16)'''}}
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=== Exercises in Terminal (slide 49)=== <!--T:5-->
  
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{{Warning|mode=warn|text= ''' In command line user may forget where they are. (page 2)'''</br>
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1. Go to a specific subfolder of a folder (example: cd Documents/courses/ ) and get back to the home directory using cd command. List 3 different ways to do it using one command. check after every action your path with pwd command.
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     '''Child processes may stop, if parent shell exits. (page 2)'''}}
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  {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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    | <strong>Answer:</strong>
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    |-
 +
    |
 +
        cd
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        cd ~
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        cd $HOME
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        the last option $HOME is an enviornment variable. You will learn about enviornment variables later.
 +
    |}
 +
     
 +
  2. Go to the directory /tmp and jump between /tmp and your home directory back and forth. check after every action your path with pwd command.
 +
  {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
 +
    | <strong>Answer:</strong>
 +
     |-
 +
    |
 +
        cd /tmp
 +
        cd -
 +
        cd - with cd - you change back to the previous working directory, pass the dash (-) character as an argument to the cd command.
 +
    |}

Revision as of 17:32, 1 October 2020

Video

Linux Introduction Slides 33 - 48 (16 pages)

Slide Layout

   page 1: 
       Windows: drive letter + backslash (C:)
       Linux: standard tree directory structure
       Absolute path: starts with /
       Relative path: w.r.t. working directory
   page 2 - 11: 
       Animation for directory structure
       example directories
   page 12: 
       everything is a file: /dev and /proc
       program/script can be found with which
       special directories: ., .. and ~
   page 13: 
       cd command
   page 14: 40 sec
       ls command
   page 15: 
       specific commands: Ctrl+key (C, Z, D), exit and clear
   page 16: 
       no undo
       make sure what you want to do


Quiz

1. Which one is the top directory in Linux?

A: /
B. /home
C. C:\


2. The command 'cd ' without arguments : if you start in var/log/ and run cd with no arguments, what do you expect will happen?

Nothing it stays in /var/log/
It goes to your home directory
It goes to the filesystem root
The shell stops having a working directory
It’s an error
The shell prompt turns into a shark and eats you


Info:  no tips in this section


Warning:  no undo and make sure what you want to do (page 16)


Exercises in Terminal (slide 49)

1. Go to a specific subfolder of a folder (example: cd Documents/courses/ ) and get back to the home directory using cd command. List 3 different ways to do it using one command. check after every action your path with pwd command.

2. Go to the directory /tmp and jump between /tmp and your home directory back and forth. check after every action your path with pwd command.
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