Introduction to Linux in HPC/The Command Line

Video

Linux Introduction Slides 25 - 31 (7 pages)

Slide Layout

   page 1: 
       You type commands in command line to use Linux
       Similar things: console, terminal, CLI and shell (interchangeable in this course)
       command line: advantages (fast) vs. disadvantages (hard to master)
   page 2: 
       Shell in Linux is widely used.
       Warnings:
           User may forget where they are.
           Child processes may stop, if parent shell exits.
   page 3: 
       Elements in console:
           User name
           Host name
           Working directory: reminder for user (where they are)
           Command prompt
   page 4: 
       Elements in console (cont.):
           Command and its options
           Output
           Current command running or new command prompt
   page 5: 
       Demo 1: (slide 15 sec + terminal 45 sec)
           run command
           arrow keys for history
           tab key for auto-completion
           Ctrl-C to abort
   page 6: 
       Warning: command is always case-sensitive
       command line options: minus sign: double minus vs. single minus
   page 7: 
       Demo 2: (slide 15 sec + terminal 30 sec)
       use internet for help
       man page
       built-in help

Quiz

Which keys can be used for command history?

	up- and down-arrow keys
	Page-up and Page-down keys

Info:

Working directory in console reminds user, where they are. (page 3)

Warning:

In command line user may forget where they are. (page 2) Child processes may stop, if parent shell exits. (page 2)

Exercises in Terminal

1. What's your username on a Linux computer?
  There are two ways to find your username on a Linux computer 

Answer:

     1. In the command line prompt, e.g.[username@hostname ~]$ , you can find your username as username directly.
     2. The Linux command whoami can also show your username.

2. What's the hostname of a Linux computer?
  There are two ways to find the hostname on a Linux computer.

Answer:

     1. In the command line prompt, e.g. [username@hostname ~]$ , you can find the hostname as hostname directly.
     2. The Linux command hostname can also give you the hostname.

3. What's your current working directory on a Linux computer?
   There are two ways to find your current working directory on a Linux computer.

Answer:

      1. In the command line prompt, e.g. [username@hostname ~]$ , you can find your current working directory is ~, which means your $HOME directory.
      2. The Linux command pwd can also show your current working directory.

4.  Use up- and down- (↑ and ↓)arrow keys to see the command history.

Explanation:

      The up- and down- (↑ and ↓)arrow keys can be used to navigate command history.

5.  Run sleep 1h command and wait, then use Ctrl-C to kill it.

Explanation:

      sleep 1h puts the terminal into idle, e.g. terminal is doing nothing, for 1 hour.
      Ctrl-C kills the current command. In this exercise it's sleep 1h.