Difference between revisions of "Introduction to Linux in HPC/Files"
Introduction to Linux in HPC/Files
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([[Media:HPC.NRW_Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC_04_Files.pdf | Slides as pdf]]) | ([[Media:HPC.NRW_Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC_04_Files.pdf | Slides as pdf]]) | ||
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| + | {{Warning|mode=info|text= ''' <code>ll</code> is an alias for <code>ls -laF</code> often available by default on many Linux distributions.'''}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Warning|mode=info|text= ''' <code>ls -d</code> can be used to list only directory names when using glob patterns.'''}} | ||
=== Quiz === <!--T:5--> | === Quiz === <!--T:5--> | ||
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{{hidden begin | {{hidden begin | ||
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{{hidden end}} | {{hidden end}} | ||
| + | {{Warning|mode=warn|text=''' <code>rm -f</code>: no confirmation! Use with care. (page 5)'''}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | {{hidden begin |
| − | + | |title = What would be a suitable wildcard for listing the files <code>test_01<\code> <code>test_02<\code> <code>test_03<\code> and <code>prod_02<\code> but NOT <code>test_04<\code> and <code>debug_02<\code> | |
| + | }} | ||
| + | <quiz display=simple> | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | |type="()"} | ||
| + | - <code>*_*<\code> | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | - <code>[t,p]*_*<\code> | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | + <code>[t,p]???_0[1-3] | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | - <code>*_0[1-3] | ||
| + | || Explanation: Only <code>[t,p]???_0[1-3]<\code> would not match <code>test_04<\code> or <code>debug_02<\code>. Care should be taken, however, as it could also match other files and it might be better to split the task into multiple commands.</quiz> | ||
| + | {{hidden end}} | ||
| + | {{Warning|mode=warn|test='''The shell expands wildcards before they are passed as arguments! In some cases (when using <code>find</code> with a wildcard, for example, you should enclose the wildcard in quotes: <code>find . -type f -name "*test*"<\code> (page 8)'''}} | ||
=== Exercises in Terminal === <!--T:5--> | === Exercises in Terminal === <!--T:5--> | ||
Revision as of 12:27, 30 November 2020
| Tutorial | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Introduction to Linux in HPC |
| Provider: | HPC.NRW
|
| Contact: | tutorials@hpc.nrw |
| Type: | Multi-part video |
| Topic Area: | HPC Platforms |
| License: | CC-BY-SA |
| Syllabus
| |
| 1. Background and History | |
| 2. The Command Line | |
| 3. Linux Directory Structure | |
| 4. Files | |
| 5. Text display and search | |
| 6. Users and permissions | |
| 7. Processes | |
| 8. The vim text editor | |
| 9. Shell scripting | |
| 10. Environment variables | |
| 11. System configuration | |
| 12. SSH Connections | |
| 13. SSH: Graphics and File Transfer | |
| 14. Various tips | |
Video
| Info: | ll is an alias for ls -laF often available by default on many Linux distributions. |
| Info: | ls -d can be used to list only directory names when using glob patterns. |
Quiz
Can you copy directory with
cp <old_dir> <new_dir>?
| Warning: | rm -f: no confirmation! Use with care. (page 5) |
What would be a suitable wildcard for listing the files
test_01<\code> test_02<\code> test_03<\code> and prod_02<\code> but NOT test_04<\code> and debug_02<\code>
Warning:
Exercises in Terminal
1. Use the find command to search for files, whose name ends with dat, in your home directory.
Answer:
The complete command is find $HOME -type f -name "*dat"
find can be used to search files and directories.
$HOME is your home directory.
-type f means only file (not directory) will be shown.
-name "*dat" specifies the required filename and "*dat" restricts the filename ends with dat, while it can begin with any characters (the * wild cards).
2. Use the find command to search for directories, whose name begins with test and ends with _dir, in your home directory.
Answer:
The complete command is find $HOME -type d -name "test*_dir"
find can be used to search files and directories.
$HOME is your home directory.
-type d means only directory (not file) will be shown.
-name "test*_dir" specifies the required directory name, which begins with test and ends with _dir. The wild card * matches any characters in between.