Difference between revisions of "Introduction to Linux in HPC/Historical Background"

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Introduction to Linux in HPC/Historical Background
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[[Category:Tutorials|Linux History and Background]]<nowiki />
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Linux History and Background}}<nowiki />
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{{Syllabus Introduction to Linux}}<nowiki />
 
__TOC__
 
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{{Infobox table
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This part of the tutorial introduces Linux and puts it into context with the UNIX operating system, the POSIX standard, and the GNU initiative.
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| REAL-NAME    = HPC.NRW
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It further introduced terms like kernel and distribution that will help you understand further literature or videos on this topic.
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| image  =  Hpc.nrw_small.png ‎
 
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| Feldnamehead1 = Other HPC Courses
 
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| Feldname2 = GPU      | Daten3 = Introduction to GPU Programming
 
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| Feldname3 = GPROF    | Daten4 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/GPROF_Tutorial Gprof Tutorial]
 
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| Feldnamehead2 = Introduction to Linux in HPC
 
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| Feldname5 = 1. | Daten6 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Historical_Background Historical Background]
 
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| Feldname6 = 2. | Daten7 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/The_Command_Line The Command Line]
 
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| Feldname7 = 3. | Daten8 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Directory_structure Directory structure]
 
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| Feldname8 = 4. | Daten9 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Files Files]
 
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| Feldname9 = 5. | Daten10 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Text_display_search Text display search]
 
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| Feldname10 = 6. | Daten11 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Processes_and_permissions Processes and permissions]
 
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| Feldname11 = 7. | Daten12 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/The_vim_text_editor The vim text editor]
 
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| Feldname12 = 8. | Daten13 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Shell_scripting_environment_variables Shell scripting environment variables]
 
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| Feldname13 = 9. | Daten14 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/System_configuration_files System configuration files]
 
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| Feldname14 = 10. | Daten15 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Various_tips Various tips]
 
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| Feldname15= 11. | Daten16 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Beyond_the_cluster Beyond the cluster]
 
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| Feldname16= 12. | Daten17 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Linux_in_HPC Linux in HPC]
 
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| Feldname17= 13. | Daten18 = [https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/SSH_Login SSH Login]
 
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}}
 
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=== Video === <!--T:5-->
 
=== Video === <!--T:5-->
  
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<youtube width="600" height="400" right>IfD9IPixgpo</youtube>
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<youtube width="600" height="340" right>zfCKSXo9hWk</youtube>
  
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([[Media:Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC-Historical_Background.pdf | Slides as pdf]])
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([[Media:HPC.NRW_Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC_01_Background_and_History.pdf | Slides as pdf]])
  
 
=== Quiz === <!--T:5-->   
 
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{{hidden begin
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{{hidden begin  
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|title = 1. Are all Top 500 supercomputers using Linux in HPC?
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|title = 1. What is the POSIX Standard?
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}}
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<quiz display=simple>
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{
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|type="()"}
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+ A standard describing interfaces that all complicant variants of UNIX need to implement.
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|| True
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- A proposal for a new operating system succeeding UNIX.
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|| The POSIX standard is not a specific implementation, but rather a standardized interface.
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- A UNIX distribution that had to be renamed due to legal claims.
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|| The POSIX standard is not a specific implementation, but rather a standardized interface.
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</quiz>
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{{hidden end}}
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{{hidden begin
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|title = 2. What does Linux refer to?
 
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<quiz display=simple>
 
<quiz display=simple>
 
{
 
{
 
|type="()"}
 
|type="()"}
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+ Yes
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- A complete installation of the operating system with all supporting tools and applications. 
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|| see [https://top500.org/statistics/list top500] (access on 27.08.2020) List in June 2020 shows all Top 500 supercomputers are using Linux.  
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|| Linux only refers to the kernel only. System application may be developed for Linux but they are not part of Linux itself.
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- No
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+ The operating system kernel only.
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||
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|| Linux only refers to the kernel only. System application may be developed for Linux but they are not part of Linux itself.
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- The operating sytem kernel including the most basic system tools.
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|| Linux only refers to the kernel only. System application may be developed for Linux but they are not part of Linux itself.
 
</quiz>
 
</quiz>
 
{{hidden end}}
 
{{hidden end}}
  
 
{{hidden begin  
 
{{hidden begin  
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|title = 2. What does GNU stands for?
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|title = 3. What is a distribution?
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}}
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<quiz display=simple>
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{
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|type="()"}
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- A commercial publishing channel to obtain the Linux kernel. 
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+ A pre-configured collection of Linux kernel and accompanying applications.
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- A public file server hosting the Linux kernel and a few system applications.
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-  None of the Above
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</quiz>
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{{hidden end}}
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{{hidden begin
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|title = 4. What does GNU stands for?
 
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<quiz display=simple>
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-  Geek Needed Unix
 
-  Geek Needed Unix
 
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-  General Unix
 
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-  General Unix
 
-  General Unix
 
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{{Note|'''Exercises in Terminal: no exercises in this section'''}}
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|title = 5. How many HPC systems of the Top500 used some form of Linux in June of 2020?
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}}
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<quiz display=simple>
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{
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|type="()"}
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- 80%
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|| see [https://top500.org/statistics/list top500] (access on 27.08.2020) List in June 2020 shows all Top 500 supercomputers are using Linux.
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- 95%
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|| see [https://top500.org/statistics/list top500] (access on 27.08.2020) List in June 2020 shows all Top 500 supercomputers are using Linux.
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+ 100%
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|| see [https://top500.org/statistics/list top500] (access on 27.08.2020) List in June 2020 shows all Top 500 supercomputers are using Linux.
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</quiz>
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{{hidden end}}
  
  
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<div style='text-align: left;float:left;width:33%;'>{{Clickable button|[https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC Main Menu Page]|color=white}}</div>
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{{Tutorial Navigation
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| main = [[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC | Overview ]]
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<div style='text-align: right;float:left;width:33%;'>{{Clickable button|[https://hpc-wiki.info/hpc/Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/The_Command_Line Next Page]|color=white}}</div>
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| next = [[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/The_Command_Line | The Command Line ]]
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}}

Latest revision as of 16:17, 4 December 2020

Tutorial
Title: Introduction to Linux in HPC
Provider: HPC.NRW

Contact: tutorials@hpc.nrw
Type: Multi-part video
Topic Area: HPC Platforms
License: CC-BY-SA
Syllabus

1. Background and History
2. The Command Line
3. Linux Directory Structure
4. Files
5. Text display and search
6. Users and permissions
7. Processes
8. The vim text editor
9. Shell scripting
10. Environment variables
11. System configuration
12. SSH Connections
13. SSH: Graphics and File Transfer
14. Various tips

This part of the tutorial introduces Linux and puts it into context with the UNIX operating system, the POSIX standard, and the GNU initiative. It further introduced terms like kernel and distribution that will help you understand further literature or videos on this topic.

Video

( Slides as pdf)

Quiz

1. What is the POSIX Standard?

A standard describing interfaces that all complicant variants of UNIX need to implement.
A proposal for a new operating system succeeding UNIX.
A UNIX distribution that had to be renamed due to legal claims.

2. What does Linux refer to?

A complete installation of the operating system with all supporting tools and applications.
The operating system kernel only.
The operating sytem kernel including the most basic system tools.

3. What is a distribution?

A commercial publishing channel to obtain the Linux kernel.
A pre-configured collection of Linux kernel and accompanying applications.
A public file server hosting the Linux kernel and a few system applications.
None of the Above

4. What does GNU stands for?

GNU's Not Unix
Geek Needed Unix
General Unix
None of the Above

5. How many HPC systems of the Top500 used some form of Linux in June of 2020?

80%
95%
100%



 

Overview

The Command Line >>

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