Difference between revisions of "Introduction to Linux in HPC/Processes"
Introduction to Linux in HPC/Processes
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| − | [[Category:Tutorials]]<nowiki /> | + | [[Category:Tutorials|Processes (Linux)]]<nowiki /> |
| − | {{DISPLAYTITLE: | + | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Processes}}<nowiki /> |
{{Syllabus Introduction to Linux}}<nowiki /> | {{Syllabus Introduction to Linux}}<nowiki /> | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | This tutorial covers the basic principles and treatments of processes in the multi-user operating system Linux. It will explain the viewing (and killing) of processes with a text-based process manager and the execution of processes in background/foreground. | ||
=== Video === <!--T:5--> | === Video === <!--T:5--> | ||
| Line 41: | Line 43: | ||
- Explicitly at startup by parameters. | - Explicitly at startup by parameters. | ||
|| Explanation: Wrong. | || Explanation: Wrong. | ||
| + | </quiz> | ||
| + | {{hidden end}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{hidden begin | ||
| + | |title = Assign the commands their correct meaning | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <quiz display="simple"> | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | | typ="()" } | ||
| + | | pstree | top | fg/bg | ||
| + | +-- ... overview of running processes and sub-processes | ||
| + | --+ ... sending processes to foreground/background | ||
| + | -+- ... text-based task manager | ||
</quiz> | </quiz> | ||
{{hidden end}} | {{hidden end}} | ||
| Line 46: | Line 61: | ||
=== Exercises in Terminal === <!--T:5--> | === Exercises in Terminal === <!--T:5--> | ||
| − | 1. Start a process (e.g. sleep 10m) and kill it from a second console. | + | 1. Start a process, bring it into background/foreground. |
| + | {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
| + | | <strong>Hint:</strong> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | To bring a process to background: | ||
| + | Press Ctrl-Z (pause the process). | ||
| + | Type bg (bring it to background). | ||
| + | To bring a process to foreground: | ||
| + | Display running "jobs" and identify the job ID: jobs | ||
| + | Type fg <job-ID> (bring it to foreground). | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | 2. Start the task manager and identify the process with the largest memory usage. | ||
| + | {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
| + | | <strong>Hint:</strong> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | Start the process manager: top | ||
| + | Activate highlighting for current sort column: press 'x' | ||
| + | Select column to sort for: press '>' or '<' until column '%MEM' is acitve | ||
| + | (optional) Reverse sorting: press 'R' | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | 3. Start the task manager and filter processes of your user account. | ||
| + | {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
| + | | <strong>Hint:</strong> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | Start the process manager: top | ||
| + | Select username to filter: press 'u' and type in username | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | 4. Start a process (e.g. sleep 10m) and kill it from a second console. | ||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
| <strong>Answer:</strong> | | <strong>Answer:</strong> | ||
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Identify the job ('sleep') and note the associated PID. | Identify the job ('sleep') and note the associated PID. | ||
Kill it: press 'k' and type in the PID from previous step. | Kill it: press 'k' and type in the PID from previous step. | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:23, 4 December 2020
| Tutorial | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Introduction to Linux in HPC |
| Provider: | HPC.NRW
|
| Contact: | tutorials@hpc.nrw |
| Type: | Multi-part video |
| Topic Area: | HPC Platforms |
| License: | CC-BY-SA |
| Syllabus
| |
| 1. Background and History | |
| 2. The Command Line | |
| 3. Linux Directory Structure | |
| 4. Files | |
| 5. Text display and search | |
| 6. Users and permissions | |
| 7. Processes | |
| 8. The vim text editor | |
| 9. Shell scripting | |
| 10. Environment variables | |
| 11. System configuration | |
| 12. SSH Connections | |
| 13. SSH: Graphics and File Transfer | |
| 14. Various tips | |
This tutorial covers the basic principles and treatments of processes in the multi-user operating system Linux. It will explain the viewing (and killing) of processes with a text-based process manager and the execution of processes in background/foreground.
Video
Quiz
What does PID stand for?
How are the permissions of a process set?
Assign the commands their correct meaning
Exercises in Terminal
1. Start a process, bring it into background/foreground.
| Hint: |
To bring a process to background:
Press Ctrl-Z (pause the process).
Type bg (bring it to background).
To bring a process to foreground:
Display running "jobs" and identify the job ID: jobs
Type fg <job-ID> (bring it to foreground).
|
2. Start the task manager and identify the process with the largest memory usage.
| Hint: |
Start the process manager: top
Activate highlighting for current sort column: press 'x'
Select column to sort for: press '>' or '<' until column '%MEM' is acitve
(optional) Reverse sorting: press 'R'
|
3. Start the task manager and filter processes of your user account.
| Hint: |
Start the process manager: top
Select username to filter: press 'u' and type in username
|
4. Start a process (e.g. sleep 10m) and kill it from a second console.
| Answer: |
Start the process: sleep 10m
Go to a second console.
Start the process manager: top
Filter process from your user account: press 'u' and type in your account name.
Identify the job ('sleep') and note the associated PID.
Kill it: press 'k' and type in the PID from previous step.
|