Difference between revisions of "Introduction to Linux in HPC/System configuration files"
Introduction to Linux in HPC/System configuration files
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| + | [[Category:Tutorials|System Configuration Files (Linux)]]<nowiki /> | ||
| + | {{DISPLAYTITLE:System Configuration Files (Linux)}}<nowiki /> | ||
| + | {{Syllabus Introduction to Linux}}<nowiki /> | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | This part of the Linux tutorial shows possibilies of system configuration a normal user can do without having root access. Typical aspects in this context like reading system information files, defining aliases, adjusting configuration files and changing locales are taught in this lecture. | ||
=== Video === <!--T:5--> | === Video === <!--T:5--> | ||
| − | <youtube width="600" height=" | + | <youtube width="600" height="340" right>-_rXJlV65Dc</youtube> |
| − | |||
| + | ([[Media:HPC.NRW_Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC_11_System_Configuration.pdf | Slides as pdf]]) | ||
=== Quiz === <!--T:5--> | === Quiz === <!--T:5--> | ||
| − | |||
{{hidden begin | {{hidden begin | ||
| − | |title = In which system file could you find the CPU information of a Linux computer? | + | |title = 1. In which system file could you find the CPU information of a Linux computer? |
}} | }} | ||
<quiz display=simple> | <quiz display=simple> | ||
| Line 22: | Line 26: | ||
+ <code>/proc/cpuinfo</code> | + <code>/proc/cpuinfo</code> | ||
|| Explanation: The <code>/dev</code> directory contains special files that represent devices, e.g. hard drive. None of them, however, gives the CPU information. The <code>/sys</code> directory is a virtual file system that stores the device information on a Linux system. However, the <code>/sys/cpuinfo</code> does not exist at all. The <code>/proc</code> directory is also a virtual file system that contains information about running process on a Linux system. From the file <code>/proc/cpuinfo</code> you can obtain the CPU information. | || Explanation: The <code>/dev</code> directory contains special files that represent devices, e.g. hard drive. None of them, however, gives the CPU information. The <code>/sys</code> directory is a virtual file system that stores the device information on a Linux system. However, the <code>/sys/cpuinfo</code> does not exist at all. The <code>/proc</code> directory is also a virtual file system that contains information about running process on a Linux system. From the file <code>/proc/cpuinfo</code> you can obtain the CPU information. | ||
| + | </quiz> | ||
| + | {{hidden end}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | {{hidden begin | ||
| + | |title = 2. How is it possible to define aliases? | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <quiz display=simple> | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | |type="()"} | ||
| + | + <code>alias name='command'</code> | ||
| + | || Explanation: An alias has always to be defined the following way: <code>alias name='command'</code>. | ||
| + | ||Typical aliases are: <code>alias ll='ls -l'</code> and <code>alias cd..='cd ..'</code> | ||
| + | - <code>alias 'command'=name</code> | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | - <code>'command'=alias name</code> | ||
| + | </quiz> | ||
| + | {{hidden end}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | {{hidden begin | ||
| + | |title = 3. Console settings are... | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <quiz display=simple> | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | |type="()"} | ||
| + | + usually temporary but could be changed to permanent | ||
| + | || Explanation: Console settings are usually temporary, like environment variables, aliases etc. They disappear when you close the console or disconnect SSH. To make them permanent you have to put the settings to cofiguration files. These are specific files that are read when the console is started. | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | - always permanent | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | - usually permanent but could be changed to temporary | ||
| + | </quiz> | ||
| + | {{hidden end}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | {{hidden begin | ||
| + | |title = 4. What do locales contain? | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <quiz display=simple> | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | |type="()"} | ||
| + | - privacy settings | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | - network settings | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | + language settings | ||
| + | || A Locale is a place or locality, especially with reference to events or circumstances connected with it. Linux determines language and keyboard settings with locales. | ||
</quiz> | </quiz> | ||
{{hidden end}} | {{hidden end}} | ||
| Line 31: | Line 83: | ||
{{Note|'''Exercises in Terminal: no exercises in this section'''}} | {{Note|'''Exercises in Terminal: no exercises in this section'''}} | ||
| − | + | {{Tutorial Navigation | |
| − | + | | previous = [[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/Environment_variables | Environment Variables ]] | |
| − | + | | main = [[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC | Overview ]] | |
| − | + | | next = [[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/SSH_Connections | SSH Connections]] | |
| + | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:25, 4 December 2020
| Tutorial | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Introduction to Linux in HPC |
| Provider: | HPC.NRW
|
| Contact: | tutorials@hpc.nrw |
| Type: | Multi-part video |
| Topic Area: | HPC Platforms |
| License: | CC-BY-SA |
| Syllabus
| |
| 1. Background and History | |
| 2. The Command Line | |
| 3. Linux Directory Structure | |
| 4. Files | |
| 5. Text display and search | |
| 6. Users and permissions | |
| 7. Processes | |
| 8. The vim text editor | |
| 9. Shell scripting | |
| 10. Environment variables | |
| 11. System configuration | |
| 12. SSH Connections | |
| 13. SSH: Graphics and File Transfer | |
| 14. Various tips | |
This part of the Linux tutorial shows possibilies of system configuration a normal user can do without having root access. Typical aspects in this context like reading system information files, defining aliases, adjusting configuration files and changing locales are taught in this lecture.
Video
Quiz
1. In which system file could you find the CPU information of a Linux computer?
2. How is it possible to define aliases?
3. Console settings are...
4. What do locales contain?
| Warning: | Be very careful, when editing configuration files. A faulty configuration file may prevent a user from login to computer |