Difference between revisions of "Introduction to Linux in HPC/SSH Connections"

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Introduction to Linux in HPC/SSH Connections
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{{Syllabus Introduction to Linux}}<nowiki />
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__TOC__
 
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This tutorial introduces SSH (Secure Shell) as a tool to connect to other Linux machines over a network.
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It is the most common way to connect to and interact with a cluster. A SSH server is expected to be running on the remote computer, while clients for Linux, Mac OS and Windows are available to establish the connection.
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This tutorials will teach you how to establish a connection and create a key for public key authentication, which is considered to be the most secure option.
  
 
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([[Media:HPC.NRW_Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC_12_SSH_Connections.pdf | Slides as pdf]])
 
([[Media:HPC.NRW_Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC_12_SSH_Connections.pdf | Slides as pdf]])
  
 
=== Quiz === <!--T:5-->   
 
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|title = What is the correct syntax to open a ssh connection?
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+  <code>ssh [options] <username>@<hostname></code> 
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-  <code>ssh <username>:<hostname> [options]</code>
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-  <code>ssh [options] <username> <hostname></code>
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|title = Where is your ssh config stored on Linux?
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-  <code>~/sshconfig</code> 
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-  <code>~/.config/ssh</code>
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+  <code>~/.ssh</code>
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|| Explanation: This folder contains the public and private keys for public key authentification. In <code>~/.ssh/config</code> you can define shortcuts for common ssh connections and set client configuration options.
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|title = 1. Does it cause a security problem to share an SSH public key with your friends?
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|title = What tools help you with creating and installing a ssh key-pair? (on Linux)
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+  <code>ssh-keygen</code> to create the key files and <code>ssh-copy-id</code> to copy it to the remote machine
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- <code>ssh --keygen</code> to create the key files and <code>ssh --copy-id</code> to copy it to the remote machine
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{{Warning|mode=warn|text= '''lots of tips are given, no warning.'''}}
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| previous = [[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/System_configuration_files  | System configuration files ]]
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{{Note|'''Exercises in Terminal: no exercises in this section'''}}
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| main = [[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC | Overview ]]
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| next = [[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/SSH_Graphics_File_Transfer | SSH: Graphics and File Transfer]]
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<div style='text-align: left;float:left;width:33%;'>{{Clickable button|[[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC/System_configuration | Previous Page]]|color=white}}</div>
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<div style='text-align: center;float:left;width:33%;'>{{Clickable button|[[Introduction_to_Linux_in_HPC | Main Menu Page]]|color=white}}</div>
 
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Latest revision as of 17:26, 4 December 2020

Tutorial
Title: Introduction to Linux in HPC
Provider: HPC.NRW

Contact: tutorials@hpc.nrw
Type: Multi-part video
Topic Area: HPC Platforms
License: CC-BY-SA
Syllabus

1. Background and History
2. The Command Line
3. Linux Directory Structure
4. Files
5. Text display and search
6. Users and permissions
7. Processes
8. The vim text editor
9. Shell scripting
10. Environment variables
11. System configuration
12. SSH Connections
13. SSH: Graphics and File Transfer
14. Various tips

This tutorial introduces SSH (Secure Shell) as a tool to connect to other Linux machines over a network. It is the most common way to connect to and interact with a cluster. A SSH server is expected to be running on the remote computer, while clients for Linux, Mac OS and Windows are available to establish the connection. This tutorials will teach you how to establish a connection and create a key for public key authentication, which is considered to be the most secure option.

Video

( Slides as pdf)

Quiz

Collapse
What is the correct syntax to open a ssh connection?

ssh [options] <username>@<hostname>
ssh <username>:<hostname> [options]
ssh [options] <username> <hostname>


Collapse
Where is your ssh config stored on Linux?

~/sshconfig
~/.config/ssh
~/.ssh


Collapse
What tools help you with creating and installing a ssh key-pair? (on Linux)

ssh-keygen to create the key files and ssh-copy-id to copy it to the remote machine
ssh --keygen to create the key files and ssh --copy-id to copy it to the remote machine

Collapse
Does it cause a security problem to share an SSH public key with your friends?

Yes
No


Collapse
Which authentication for SSH login is more secure?

password authentication
public key authentication


Collapse
When generating the SSH public/private key pair, is it secure to use empty passphrase?

Yes
No


Info:  Verify the fingerprint of remote host, before the first login.
User the SSH public key authentication for login.
Never use an empty passphrase for the SSH keys.
Use strong passphrase to generate the SSH keys.
Keep your private SSH key as top secret.
Create, configure and use different SSH keys for different remote hosts.
If no X11 application is required, disable X11 forwarding. Otherwise, only enable the untrusted X11 forwarding.


<< System configuration files

Overview

SSH: Graphics and File Transfer >>

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