Introduction to Linux in HPC/The Command Line

HPC.NRW
Other HPC Courses
1.	Gprof Tutorial
2.	OpenMP in Small Bites
Introduction to Linux in HPC
1.	Background and History
2.	The Command Line
3.	Directory structure
4.	Files
5.	Text display and search
6.	Users and permissions
7.	Processes
8.	The vim text editor
9.	Shell scripting
10.	Environment variables
11.	System configuration
12.	SSH Connections
13.	SSH: Graphics and File Transfer
14.	Various tips

Quiz

Collapse

Which keys can be used for command history?

	up- and down-arrow keys
	Page-up and Page-down keys

Info:

Working directory in console reminds user, where they are. (page 27)

Warning:

In command line user may forget where they are. (page 26) Child processes may stop, if parent shell exits. (page 26)

Exercises in Terminal

1. What's your username on a Linux computer?
  There are two ways to find your username on a Linux computer 

ExpandAnswer:

     1. In the command line prompt, e.g.[username@hostname ~]$ , you can find your username as username directly.
     2. The Linux command whoami can also show your username.

2. What's the hostname of a Linux computer?
  There are two ways to find the hostname on a Linux computer.

ExpandAnswer:

     1. In the command line prompt, e.g. [username@hostname ~]$ , you can find the hostname as hostname directly.
     2. The Linux command hostname can also give you the hostname.

3. What's your current working directory on a Linux computer?
   There are two ways to find your current working directory on a Linux computer.

ExpandAnswer:

      1. In the command line prompt, e.g. [username@hostname ~]$ , you can find your current working directory is ~, which means your $HOME directory.
      2. The Linux command pwd can also show your current working directory.

4.  Use up- and down- (↑ and ↓) arrow keys to see the command history.

ExpandExplanation:

      The up- and down- (↑ and ↓) arrow keys can be used to navigate command history.

5.  Run sleep 1h command and wait, then use Ctrl-C to kill it.

ExpandExplanation:

      sleep 1h puts the terminal into idle, e.g. terminal is doing nothing, for 1 hour.
      Ctrl-C kills the current command. In this exercise it's sleep 1h.

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